Telephonic apparatus.



No. 687,682. Patented Nov. 26, i90l. M. GALLY.

TELEPHOMC APPARATUS.

(Application filed Sept. 16, 1 901.) (N o M o d e I.)

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UN TED STATES PATENT Orbits.

MERRITT GALLY, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

TELEPHONIC APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 687,682, dated November 26, 1901.

Application filed September 16, 1901. Serial No. 75,596. (No model.)

To all 1227710711, it may concern:

Be it known that I, Mnnnrrr GALLY, a citizen of. the United States, residing at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Telephonic Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates specially to telephonic circuits and transmitters; and it consists,first, in the use of a continuous undivided or unbroken circuit with battery, an improved circuit-section of varied con ductivity, and a second conductor applied to said circuit-section for producing variations in the electric current, and, secondly, in the application of the above-mentioned devices, with the addition of an induction-coil, to a telephonic circuit and transmitter. I

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a telephonic main-line circuit with battery, which may be grounded, as shown, or be a complete metallic circuit, in either case provided with the transmitter and receiver, as shown. Fig. 1 represents a telephonic main line circuit, which may be grounded, as shown, or be a complete metallic circuit, and in eithercase provided with an induction-coil, primary circuit with battery, and transmitter, as shown. Fig. 2 is a face view of the transmitter, showing the circuitsection and in dotted lines the position for the second conductor and a diagram in dotted lines indicating the varied conductivity of the circuit-section. Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view of the transmitter, showing the position of its several parts. Fig. 4 is a face View of the transmitter, showing its circuitconductor and the operating-conductor ap plied thereto; and Fig. 5 shows a modification of the transmitter with upright operatingconductor.

The present application I designate Case B, as itfollows another filed in advance on the same subject, designated as Case A, filed September 9, 1901, Serial No. 74,810. In Case A, I describe and claim an unbroken electric primary circuit with battery, the circuit having a circuit-section of lower conductivity than the remainder of the circuit, and an operating-conductor appliedthereto for producing an induced pulsating current in a secondary circuit with induction-coil.

conductor applied thereto with better results,

in primary circuit and induction-coil for microphone transmitter and am also able to use the same as a superior transmitter with battery in an ordinary unbroken telephonic main line.

In Figs. 2, 3, and 4 the circuit-section or transmitting-conductor E is shown as crossing but not touching the diaphragm of the transmitter. The position of the operating-conductor, which in this case is shown in tubular form in Figs. 3 and 4, is represented by dotted lines Fin Fig. 2. Small rigid non-elastic supports 61 d are attached to the diaphragm D, on which the operating-conductor rests. These supports prevent the operating-conductor from damping the vibrations of the diaphragm.

The circuit-section may be made of any suitable material; but I use, preferably, graphite or carbon first prepared in plastic form. Having prepared a number of batches of the plastic material differing as to conductivity, I arrange portions of each in such order as I wish or in a graduated mass in a mold to be compressed and dried to form a single solid body.

The operating-conductor may be made of any suitable material of high conductivity graphite, carbon, or the like, or preferably of platinum, or brass or copper plated with platinum.

In my invention as described in the present case I make the circuit-section or transmitting-conductor E varied in conductivity or diifering as to its conductivity indifferent parts of its structure. No regular gradation of diiference in structure is necessary; but for the best results the conductivity ofthe substance of the circuit-section E at some point between the extremities of the operating-conductor F should be made fully sufficient to pass an electric current strong enough to hold a controlling-current in the line, as expressed in diagram at 00, and to have a sufficient difference between it and the parts of highest conductivity 1 2 3 4 to reproduce successfully in the receivers a a all the varied vibrations of the transmitting-diaphragms D D, the lowest conductivity in the circuit-section E being exceeded by the conductivity of the operating-conductor F. A careful construction of the transmitter to meet this requirement makes the device a successful transmitter on a single telephonic line, as Fig. 1, and also a superior microphone with primary circuit, as shown in Fig. 1.

In Fig. 1, A represents a telephonic main line with receiver a and a battery at N. E is the circuit-section, connected by the connecting-wires e e and their binding-posts to the main line. D is the telephonic diaphragm, and F is the operating-conductor.

InFig. 1, A is the main line with the rereceiver at a. G is the primary circuit with battery. 13 is the induction-coil, having its primary wire in the primary circuit and its secondary wire connected with the mainline. D is the telephonic diaphragm. E is the circuit-section conductor. I is the operating-conductor, and e e are the wires for connecting at their binding-posts the'circuit-section conductor E with the primary circuit C.

In Fig. 2, D is the diaphragm. E is the circuit-section conductor. F is the operating-conductor in dotted lines. (1 d are the supports for the operating-conductor. h h are the supports for the circuit-section. e e

are the wires for connecting the circuit-section with the primary circuit. C C are the terminals of the primary circuit. 1 2 3 4 X is an illustrative diagram.

Similar characters of reference designate similar parts in the remaining figures of drawlugs.

A part or parts of the circuit-section may be of as high or even higher conductivity than the remainder of the circuit; but, as a whole, the circuit-section must be of lower conductivity than the remainder of the circuit. The circuit-section and the operatingconductor may either of them be constructed of a single piece or of separate pieces, as the case may require.

In Fig. 3 the transmitter or microphone is shown as having its diaphragm tipped backward somewhat out of vertical position, so that the operating-conductor will keep to its place on the circuit-section by its own gravity. No spring is applied and nothing to produce difference in pressure,but constant unvarying weight alone is depended on with a sliding movement of surfaces one on the other. This feature is better illustrated in Fig. 5. The diaphragm of the transmitter is placed nearly on a horizontal line, and the circuit-section and operating-conductor are at right angles thereto and nearly on a vertical line. A slight tip from the vertical al lows the operating-conductor to keep its position on the circuit-section with no tendency to tip away. Less inclination than is shown is sufficient; but the drawing is given with sufficient inclination to make it plainly apparent. The operating-conductor F is poised on the diaphragm D on the point of a stemf, as shown. The vibrations of the diaphragm can produce only an up-and-down slide of the face of the operating-conductor against the circuit-section without change of weight or pressure. This is a very successful form of construction.

The advantages derived by the use of my invention are many, among which are a sure and continuous hold of the electric current on the diaphragm of the receiver, producing distinctness of articulation, transmission of the lowest whisper and the loudest speech equally well, and no danger of chattering or breaking up by breaking circuit by careless or inexperienced operators.

The devices, substantially as described, are of utility not only in telephonic apparatus, but in other apparatus where a determinate variable pulsating current is desired, and I do not therefore wish to be limited in their application, but to hold the same broadly in the patent gran ted me therefor. Other motor than a diaphragm may be used for giving motion to the operating-conductor or to the circuit-section, either or both, as the case may require.

What I claim as my invention, and to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A continuous undivided electric circuit with battery, passing a constant, unbroken and unreversed current; the circuit having therein a section, which, as a whole, is of lower conductivity than the rest of the circuit; and in part, of lower conductivity than the rest of itself, a conductor of higher conductivity than the circuit-section and applied thereto, and a motor mechanism for producing vibrations, and transmitting them to the circuitsection, or to the high conductor; for producing similar vibrations or undulations in the current of the unbroken circuit.

2. In a telephonic transmitter or microphone, placed in a continuous and undivided or unbroken electric circuit; a circuit-section or transmitting-conductor, which, as a whole,- is of lower conductivity than the remainder of the circuit, and in some part, of still lower conductivity; a conductor of higher conduc tivity than the circuit-section, and applied thereto; and a diaphragm for producing vibratory movements, and transmitting them to the circuit-section or to the high conductor, for producing corresponding vibrations or undulations in the electric current of the circuit.

3. In a telephonic transmitter or microphone, located in a continuous undivided or unbroken circuit with battery, a diaphragm for reproducing the vibrations of speech; a circuit section or transmitting conductor, which, as a whole, is of lower conductivity than the remainder of the circuit, and,in some part of still lower conductivity; and a conductor of higher conductivity than the circuit-section applied thereto; for producing undulations in the electric current of the circuit, corresponding to the vibrations of the diaphragm.

desire 4. In a telephonic transmitter or microphone located in a continuous undivided or unbroken circuit with battery; a diaphragm for reproducing the vibrations of speech; an

electric conductor of varied conductivity or lower conductivity in some partthan in others; and a conductor of higher conductivity applied to said conductor; substantially as set forth.

5. In a telephonic transmitter or microphone, a circuit section crossing the diaphragm and in proximity but not attached thereto, a conductor applied to said circuitsection; the diaphragm having rigid non-elastic supports for said conductor, to enable the diaphragm to transfer to it firmly and sharply its vibrations; and at the same time prevent the conductor from damping its vibrations; substantially as described.

6. In a continuous undivided or unbroken electric circuit; a circuit-section, its parts differing as to substance, in degree of conductivity, normally reducing the conductivity of the circuit;'and a conductor of higher conductivity than the circuit-section, and movably applied thereto; to increase more or less the conductivity of the circuit.

7. An electric circuit; a circuit-section differing in difierent parts as to degree of conductivity; a conductor of higher conductivity applied to the circuit section; and a telephonic diaphragm for receiving vibrations of speech and transmitting them to the circuitsection or applied conductor.

8. A telephonic transmitter or microphone, having two operating-conductors, one forming a section for connection with an operating electric circuit, and differing in substance as to the different parts thereof in conductivity, and the other of higher conductivity and movably applied thereto.

9. In a telephonic transmitter or microphone, an electric conductor, the material composingthe same having different degrees of conductivity; a conductor of higher conductivity in contact therewith; and a diaphragm for giving relative motion to one of the conductors.

10. In a telephonic transmitter or microphone a conducting device fitted and arranged to be connected with an operating electric circuit, and having in different parts in the material thereof, different degrees of conductivity; a conducting device of higher conductivity in connection therewith; and a diaphragm for giving motion to a part of the mechanism to eifect electrically another part of the mechanism.

11. In a telephonic transmitter or micro phone, a conducting device, fitted and arranged to be connected with an electric cir cult; and having in the material thereof different degrees of conductivity; a conducting device of higher conductivity, applied to said varied conductor; and a motor mechanism in connection with one of the conductors to give it relative motion to the other conductor.

MYERRITT GALLY,

Witnesses 5 G. POTTER,

CHARLES C. BARTONA 

